Umlando kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Tower Cranes
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe Tower Cranes ezweni lami linomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, futhi seludlule ohlelweni kusukela ekuhloleni nasekulingiseni ukuya ekuziklameni nasekukhiqizeni.
Ngawo-1950, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwakha umnotho kazwelonke, ama-cranes emibhoshongo avela endaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union kanye namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu kwethulwa futhi alingisa. Ngo-1954, ukhreni wombhoshongo wohlobo lwe-architect oklanywe iDemocratic Republic of Germany yangaphambili walingisa, futhi i-TQ2-6 tower crane yokuqala ezweni lami yavivinywa ngempumelelo eFushun. Kamuva, ama-cranes angama-15t kanye nama-25t athuthukiswa ngokususelwa kumfuziselo wangaphambili weSoviet Union. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani lama-cranes ombhoshongo akhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswa ezweni lami lalincane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ngawo-1960, izwe lami laqala ukungena esigabeni sokuziklama nokukhiqiza ama-cranes ombhoshongo. Ngo-1961, i-Hongqi-II tower crane yavivinywa okokuqala ngqa e-Beijing, eyayiphinde ibe i-tower crane yakudala eyaklanywa izwe lami. Kamuva, izwe lami laklama futhi lakha ama-cranes anjenge-TQ-6 ngokwalo. Ngo-1965, kwakunabakhiqizi abangaphezu kwe-10 ezweni, abakhiqiza ama-cranes angaphezu kwama-360. Lawa ma-cranes ombhoshongo wonke awuhlobo lwe-jib edonsa phansi, engadonswa iyonke futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokwakha umphakathi ngaphansi kwezitezi eziyisithupha.
Kusukela ngawo-1970, ngenxa yezidingo zokwakha, ama-cranes ombhoshongo wezwe lami angena esigabeni esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhulayo. Ngo-1972, kwaphuma u-crane wokuqala wezwe lakithi olula isondo lohlobo lwe-double-purpose crane; ngawo lowo nyaka, izwe lami laklama futhi lakhiqiza i-QT4-10 i-self-recting tower crane, enetorque engu-1600kN·m. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ZTl00, i-ZTl20, i-Z80 nezinye izinhlobo ze-trolley-self-recting tower cranes, i-QT4-20 ye-trolley yangaphakathi yokugibela umbhoshongo, i-QTLl6, i-TQ40, i-TQ45, i-TD25, i-QTG40, i-OTG60 yokugwedla phansi ithuthukisiwe i-cranes yokugwedla phansi njll Umphumela waminyaka yonke wawuphakeme ufinyelela kumayunithi angaphezu kuka-900, okuphawula isigaba esisha semboni yezwe lami ye-tower crane.
Ngawo-1980s, kwavela imikhiqizo eminingi emisha ye-tower crane ezweni lami, okuhlanganisa ama-cranes azakhela wona afana ne-QTSOA, QTZl00, QTZl20, ama-cranes afaka ngokushesha aphansi afana ne-QT60, OTK60, OT25HK, kanye ne-OT90 yokuphakamisa ama-tower cranes. Ukusebenza kwale mikhiqizo kusondele ezingeni lamazwe angaphandle ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ukukhipha okuphezulu konyaka phakathi nalesi sikhathi kufinyelele amayunithi ayi-1,400. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwanda kwezinguquko nokuvulwa kanye nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwakha, kwaphinde kwethulwa amanye ama-cranes emibhoshongo evela phesheya, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo evela e-Liebherr endaweni eyayiyiFederal Republic yaseJalimane, i-Potain eFrance, kanye ne-Edilmac e-Italy. Njengoba la ma-cranes ombhoshongo anekhwalithi enhle yokukhiqiza nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe, akhuthaze kakhulu inqubekelaphambili yokuklama nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo ye-tower crane ezweni lami.
Ngemva kokungena eminyakeni yawo-1990, imboni yezwe lami ye-tower crane yangena enkathini entsha yokuchuma ngokwanda kwemisebenzi yokwakha ezweni lonke. Umkhiqizo wonyaka uye wanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi eminye imikhiqizo ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ingqikithi yenani lama-cranes e-tower cranes e-Shayina nayo inyukile isuka kwabaningi ngeminyaka yawo-1950 yaya cishe ku-60,000 ngo-2000. Kuze kube manje, izwe lami lingathathwa njengezwe elikhulu kuma-cranes emibhoshongo, noma likalwa ngokombono wesikali sokukhiqiza, ububanzi bokufaka isicelo noma inani eliphelele lama-cranes ombhoshongo.